潇湘渌水 @ 2010-11-17 15:21
就业招聘中对文凭的偏爱在东西方原来差不多的，只是他们把这叫羊皮效应。它的命名是基于毕业文凭通常都是纪录在羊皮上这一事实。其基于曾经研究过教育报酬的劳动经济学家注意到以下颇具启发性的事实：中学毕业者的收入远远高于只完成3年中学教育的人的收入。
Employers have used the education level of applicants for years as a way of delineating who is qualified for what kinds of jobs. The preference for college and graduate school degrees is known as the sheepskin effect, so named because the degree dresses up an applicant but does not necessarily change their skills or overall value. The sheepskin is the actual diploma.
Definition
?The sheepsskin effect is the common term for the additional value, both in terms of future earning power and marketability for future employment, of a formal education. For example, the sheepskin effect increases income and marketability for an individual with four years of college education and a degree receives over a person with four years of college education and no degree. The sheepskin effect favors graduates, both high school and college.
Measuring Sheepskin Effect
?The gains measured through the sheepskin effect are not the same as the gains an individual receives for acquiring additional education. The sheepskin effect compares the change in salary and overall earning potential of two individuals sharing the same amount of education with one having acquired a degree and another still seeking a degree. The number of years of overall education remains constant when measuring the sheepskin effect. Ideally, the only difference should be acquisition of a degree. All personal factors, including gender, race, background and all other personal details should be controlled.
Sheepskin Effect Data
?Earning potential as it relates to years of schooling is different for dropouts and individuals earning degrees. Dropouts acquire a benefit of marketability by having more years of schooling because this increases the number of skills that they are likely to take into the job market. Graduates have the most earning potential by spending the fewest amount of years in school; thus, those that can graduate quickest get the largest benefit because they gain the benefit of their degree while spending the largest number of years in the job market. In short, those getting a degree should get it quickly to maximize their earning potential while those not getting a degree should acquire as much education as possible to shore up the discrepancy in their skills between them and others benefitting from the sheepskin effect.
Criticism of Sheepskin Effect
?Some academic sources, including Seamus McGuinness of the Northern Ireland Economic Research Centre, state that there is not always a correlation between the job requirements for jobs that require a graduate degree and the skill requirements actually necessary to complete that job. In short, the sheepskin effect of the increased marketability of graduate degrees may obstruct people from truly measuring the skill levels of applicants to successfully complete a job. Jobs that have graduate level entry requirements traditionally have a larger earning potential when compared to those that do not.
Advantages of Sheepskin Effect
?However, the sheepskin effect can be useful in measuring intangibles. Individuals devoted enough to pay the opportunity costs for extended education are more likely to be self-motivated and may provide more value in devotion and project completion than those who have not finished a degree program, states Michael Spence in "The Quarterly Journal of Economics." The sheepskin effect of a diploma in this case is not simply the skills acquired through diploma acquisition but rather through the willingness to acquire the degree to become marketable.
source：http://www.ehow.com/about_6683865_sheepskin-effect_.html
Employers have used the education level of applicants for years as a way of delineating who is qualified for what kinds of jobs. The preference for college and graduate school degrees is known as the sheepskin effect, so named because the degree dresses up an applicant but does not necessarily change their skills or overall value. The sheepskin is the actual diploma.
Definition
?The sheepsskin effect is the common term for the additional value, both in terms of future earning power and marketability for future employment, of a formal education. For example, the sheepskin effect increases income and marketability for an individual with four years of college education and a degree receives over a person with four years of college education and no degree. The sheepskin effect favors graduates, both high school and college.
Measuring Sheepskin Effect
?The gains measured through the sheepskin effect are not the same as the gains an individual receives for acquiring additional education. The sheepskin effect compares the change in salary and overall earning potential of two individuals sharing the same amount of education with one having acquired a degree and another still seeking a degree. The number of years of overall education remains constant when measuring the sheepskin effect. Ideally, the only difference should be acquisition of a degree. All personal factors, including gender, race, background and all other personal details should be controlled.
Sheepskin Effect Data
?Earning potential as it relates to years of schooling is different for dropouts and individuals earning degrees. Dropouts acquire a benefit of marketability by having more years of schooling because this increases the number of skills that they are likely to take into the job market. Graduates have the most earning potential by spending the fewest amount of years in school; thus, those that can graduate quickest get the largest benefit because they gain the benefit of their degree while spending the largest number of years in the job market. In short, those getting a degree should get it quickly to maximize their earning potential while those not getting a degree should acquire as much education as possible to shore up the discrepancy in their skills between them and others benefitting from the sheepskin effect.
Criticism of Sheepskin Effect
?Some academic sources, including Seamus McGuinness of the Northern Ireland Economic Research Centre, state that there is not always a correlation between the job requirements for jobs that require a graduate degree and the skill requirements actually necessary to complete that job. In short, the sheepskin effect of the increased marketability of graduate degrees may obstruct people from truly measuring the skill levels of applicants to successfully complete a job. Jobs that have graduate level entry requirements traditionally have a larger earning potential when compared to those that do not.
Advantages of Sheepskin Effect
?However, the sheepskin effect can be useful in measuring intangibles. Individuals devoted enough to pay the opportunity costs for extended education are more likely to be self-motivated and may provide more value in devotion and project completion than those who have not finished a degree program, states Michael Spence in "The Quarterly Journal of Economics." The sheepskin effect of a diploma in this case is not simply the skills acquired through diploma acquisition but rather through the willingness to acquire the degree to become marketable.
source：http://www.ehow.com/about_6683865_sheepskin-effect_.html
